Then in 2012, we got the second Chakra, it was the Akula-2 class submarine, another very potent SSN that was frontline capable in the Russian Navy also.These two submarines provided us a tremendous insight into how complex it is to operate nuclear submarines and what sort of infrastructure is required to operate them. We learned a lot of valuable things about how to operate nuclear submarines when we got that. What are the prospects of India and Russia pursuing joint production of nuclear submarines?Anil Jai Singh: I am not sure if there would be anything called 'joint production' because it is not generally done in nuclear-submarine technology.In 1988, we got Chakra, a Russian nuclear submarine that went back in 1991. Most PROBABLE and HIGHLY recommended topics "you should never miss" to prepare to crack UPSC Prelims Examination.Russia has supported India's nuclear submarine program since its inception in the 1960s and it will continue to do so, according to an Indian Navy veteran.Commodore Anil Jai Singh, who spent three decades (1981-2011) in India's blue-water force, with 28 years as a specialist submariner, stated that Moscow helped New Delhi gain invaluable experience in operating nuclear submarines.Accoring to the Navy veteran, India's long-standing and close defense partnership with Russia would keep New Delhi in good stead as far as it's nuclear submarine program is concerned, given that Moscow would be more than willing to assist in the development and production of its own domestic nuclear-powered attack submarines.Apart from Moscow's role in helping India's nuclear submarine project, the former naval commander also spoke of why the force is looking to develop its own naval fighter jet and why aircraft carriers will form the centerpiece of the Indian Navy.Nuances of Submarine DevelopmentSputnik: For years, India has been leasing Russian nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs). The success of INS Arihant gives a fitting response to those who indulge in nuclear blackmail “In an era such as this, a credible nuclear deterrence is the need of the hour.
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